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佛光山 2020 年禪淨共修獻燈祈福法會
Sacred Secularities: Ritual and Social Engagement in a Global Buddhist China
Surrounded by greenery and build on a quiet hillside in an unincorporated suburban community of Los Angeles County lies a brightly colored Chinese Buddhist temple. This Temple, Hsi Lai Temple xilai si 西來寺 or ‘Coming West Temple’ in English, is one of the biggest Chinese temples in the US and serves as the North American headquarters of the modernist Han Buddhist order Fo Guang Shan 佛光山 (Buddha’s Light Mountain). The Buddhist tradition promoted by Fo Guang Shan is renjian 人間or Humanistic Buddhism.1 It is a modern Buddhist tradition with its roots in late 19th and early 20th century China that has become Buddhist mainstream in Taiwan today (Long 2000). Fo Guang Shan is one of the biggest promoters of this tradition, not only in Taiwan but on a global scale, and while different groups have adapted different interpretations of renjian Buddhism, one of the primary characteristics of this modern tradition is a new esteem for society, or, in other words, the sphere of ‘the secular’.
世俗的神聖性質——全球佛教華人地區的法會及社會參與
在洛杉磯郡一個不屬於任何城鎮的偏遠社區,寧靜的山丘上,矗立著一間色彩鮮明的中國佛教寺院,周圍綠樹環繞。這間寺院名為西來寺,英文意義是「來到西方」(coming to the West),是美國數一數二的大型中國寺院,也是現代漢傳佛教教團佛光山在北美洲的總本山。
從空而至:南宋佛畫與儀軌中諸神降臨的圖像
諸神乘雲而降臨道場,是水陸畫最具有普遍性的圖像。在已知的中國和韓國的水陸畫當中,無論是宋元時期的水陸卷軸畫、明清時期的水陸壁畫,或以南宋志磐撰、明袾宏編《法界聖凡水陸勝會修齋儀軌》為基礎的水陸畫,或以〈天地冥陽水陸儀文〉為基礎的水陸畫,我們都可以看到,在每一幅水陸畫中都有雲霧圖像的出現,而且多半為諸神乘雲降臨道場的場面。
從人間佛教思想探討佛光山水陸法會
寺院是佛教的代表,信仰的中心,亦是信徒心靈寄託的所在。除了傳播佛教真理之外,殿宇莊嚴、氣氛寧靜、祥和梵唱,都讓社會大眾在工作忙碌之餘,或是遭遇挫折、徬徨無助的時候,自然想到寺院來,不管是參加各種修行活動,或只是在佛前瞻仰、禮拜,都能獲得再出發的力量,所以寺院就像人生的加油站、心靈的百貨公司、希聖成賢的學校,也是善友往來的聚會所,更是去除煩惱的清涼地。