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The Influence of Indian and Buddhist Elements in Medieval China: A Study of Buddha’s Birthday Celebrations In Luoyang during the Northern Wei dynasty
The Buddha’s birthday festival reached an unprecedented level of grandeur during the rule of Northern Wei when its capital was at Luoyang (495 to 534 CE). Buddhism was indigenous to neither the rulers nor the native Han Chinese. Yet, the Buddha’s birthday celebration on the eighth day of the fourth lunar month became a popular ritual in which the entire city participated. This paper studies a particular phenomenon in this public ritual, the use of carriages in image processions, tracing the heritage of these carriages back to the religion’s land of origin, India, and their literary sources. The intention of this paper is to study the reasons for such phenomenal success, in particular as they relate to the functional role of a religious festival and how the tenets of a religion can enable itself to be popular and sustainable. The Buddha’s birthday is a relevant case study because over 1,500 years later, countries such as Cambodia, Hong Kong, Macau, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Singapore, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam continue to celebrate it as their public holiday.
印度ABC
《佛教瞑想論》第一講
拙書之論述聚焦於佛教的瞑想。記得那是很久以前、大學時代的事了,一位理科朋友對我說:「寺院嘛,還是靜坐比較好,對吧?」當時由於我對瞑想不甚了解而無法清楚答覆;現在,總算能夠給出一點像樣的回答了。 關於佛教的瞑想,在印度被稱為 samatha(漢譯為「止」)與 vipassanā(漢譯為「觀」),本書第一章概述 samatha 與 vipassanā,以及在個人實踐體驗與理解上闡述靜心的理由與具體內容等。
《寶性論》新譯新解(之一)
印度大乘佛教佛性如來藏一系所依據的大乘契經,有《如來藏經》、《勝鬘夫人經》、《不增不減經》、《大般涅槃經》、《入楞伽經》、《華嚴經》等;所依據的論典著作,則有《究竟一乘寶性論》、《大乘法界無差別論》、《佛性論》、《大乘起信論》等。其中《究竟一乘寶性論》自古被認為是佛性如來藏大乘的核心論書,它是印度如來藏大乘義理思想的寶典,在漢藏兩地大乘佛教中也受到特殊、高度的尊重。《寶性論》思想體系博大、深刻,義理思維縝密、繁複,原典梵文文字深奧,漢譯論文艱深難解,因此一直是佛教義理思想史上的一部「天書」,對它的解讀與釋義不僅是古代釋經學學者的難題,對於現代國際佛教學者而言,它也是一部公認的難治之典。程恭讓教授認為此書在佛教釋經學、義理學思想史上具有崇高價值,對於中國佛教華嚴學義理建構尤其貢獻卓著,對未來人間佛教的理論智慧也將有重大意義,因此多年來不惜花費時間精力,致力於對於這部論書的研究和詮解。本刊獲程教授同意授權,將以專欄方式,連載他系統解讀這部梵文佛教「天書」的成果。
