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Bodhisattva Precepts and Their Compatibility with Vinaya in Contemporary Chinese Buddhism: A Cross-Straits Comparative Study (Part 1)
Bodhisattva ideas have steadily developed since medieval times, to become key characteristics of Chinese Mahāyāna Buddhism. Monks and nuns in the Mahāyāna tradition generally have bodhisattva precepts conferred upon them while undergoing the Triple Platform Ordination, and adhering to both these precepts and the bhikṣu/ bhikṣuṇī precepts is a conspicuous feature of Mahāyāna monastic practice. Against this backdrop, it is worth exploring Chinese monastics’ perceptions of the bodhisattva precepts and ideal, and the practices surrounding them, in the current sociocultural contexts of Taiwan and Mainland China. Though both these regions share the same tradition of Chinese Mahāyāna Buddhism, it has very different manifestations. This long-term, cross-Straits comparative study also reveals a hitherto under-theorized conflict between vinaya rules and the bodhisattva ideal.
Bodhisattva Precepts and Their Compatibility with Vinaya in Contemporary Chinese Buddhism: A Cross-Straits Comparative Study (Part 2)
Bodhisattva ideas have steadily developed since medieval times, to become key characteristics of Chinese Mahāyāna Buddhism. Monks and nuns in the Mahāyāna tradition generally have bodhisattva precepts conferred upon them while undergoing the Triple Platform Ordination, and adhering to both these precepts and the bhikṣu/ bhikṣuṇī precepts is a conspicuous feature of Mahāyāna monastic practice. Against this backdrop, it is worth exploring Chinese monastics’ perceptions of the bodhisattva precepts and ideal, and the practices surrounding them, in the current sociocultural contexts of Taiwan and Mainland China. Though both these regions share the same tradition of Chinese Mahāyāna Buddhism, it has very different manifestations. This long-term, cross-Straits comparative study also reveals a hitherto under-theorized conflict between vinaya rules andthe bodhisattva ideal.
當代漢傳佛教中菩薩戒與毗奈耶的相容性——兩岸比較研究(上)
菩薩思想自中世紀以來就穩步發展,成為漢傳大乘佛教的主要特徵。承襲大乘佛教傳統的比丘和比丘尼在三壇大戒戒會中也會受持菩薩戒;換言之,兼受菩薩戒與比丘/比丘尼戒兩種律儀,是大乘佛教出家僧人的顯著特徵。這一情況延伸出值得探討的議題:在台灣和中國大陸當前的社會文化背景下,中國僧侶對於菩薩戒的認知、理念及其相關實踐為何?雖然這兩個地區根源於相同的漢傳佛教傳統,修行、實踐方式等仍有些許不同。再者,這項長期、跨兩岸的比較研究,也揭示佛教戒律與菩薩思想之間潛在的矛盾與衝突。
當代漢傳佛教中菩薩戒與毗奈耶的相容性——兩岸比較研究(下)
菩薩思想自中世紀以來就穩步發展,成為漢傳大乘佛教的主要特徵。承襲大乘佛教傳統的比丘和比丘尼在三壇大戒戒會中也會受持菩薩戒;換言之,兼受菩薩戒與比丘/比丘尼戒兩種律儀,是大乘佛教出家僧人的顯著特徵。這一情況延伸出值得探討的議題:在台灣和中國大陸當前的社會文化背景下,中國僧侶對於菩薩戒的認知、理念及其相關實踐為何?雖然這兩個地區根源於相同的漢傳佛教傳統,修行、實踐方式等仍有些許不同。再者,這項長期、跨兩岸的比較研究,也揭示佛教戒律與菩薩思想之間潛在的矛盾與衝突。
塵世閑話——時光慢走
禮佛如佛在 ——以慧思大師《受菩薩戒儀》為中心
天台宗的懺儀是與其止觀實踐相連繫的,而這一宗教傳統乃是源自慧思大師的《受菩薩戒儀》。慧思大師的《受菩薩戒儀》在「禮佛如佛在」的佛教語境中,發展出了「禮佛就禮佛」的「一心禮佛」懺儀體系,即你在懺儀中受菩薩戒完全是你自己的事,而不是做給你必須奉請來見證你受戒的諸佛菩薩和十界眾生看的,所以,在此期間,你只要「一心禮佛」、「一心懺悔」、「一心受戒」就好,別無他事。從這個意義上來說,天台宗懺儀講求的是「心空則靈」,而不是一般而言的「心誠則靈」,因為其中的「一心」,乃是在懺儀過程中無所執著的心。
人間佛教思潮中的菩薩戒思想— 以太虛為中心的考察
漢傳佛教菩薩戒以《梵網經》為主要依據,但在授戒原則上則以小乘聲聞戒為基礎。近代人間佛教思潮中菩薩戒再度受到廣泛關注,解決菩薩戒與聲聞戒的關係,成為傑出的佛教界人士最關注的問題之一。太虛大師對菩薩戒高度關注,菩薩戒思想構成其整體佛教變革的重要一環。太虛大師菩薩戒思想的形成和完善分為三個階段:第一、確立以《瑜伽》菩薩戒本為菩薩戒授受主要依據。第二,結合現代管理制度,提出建立菩薩學處的設想。第三、以菩薩戒統攝一切佛法,完善菩薩學處。太虛大師菩薩戒思想打破了一千多年來漢傳佛教菩薩戒的授受傳統,開啟了漢傳佛教戒律現代化的歷程。太虛大師以菩薩戒(學處)統攝佛法,為人間佛教的踐行打下了牢固的基礎。並將人間佛教思想建立在重視戒律的基礎上,可以最大限度地避免佛教世俗化,使佛教既能做入世的事業,又能保持出世的超脫。
