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A Study of Humanistic Buddhism Returning to India: Observations and Reflections on the Fo Guang Shan New Delhi Educational and Cultural Centre
The journey of Venerable Master Hsing Yun’s Humanistic Buddhism back to India can generally be divided into two stages. The first stage spanned from 1963 to 2008, when the Venerable Master made eight pilgrimages to India and gradually affirmed his desire to bring Buddhism back there. He and some of his monastics began to develop a preliminary plan. The second stage began with the establishment of the New Delhi Educational and Cultural Centre (hereinafter referred to as the Centre). By building a temple, initiating educational programs, setting up charitable clinics, and engaging in cross-cultural exchanges, Buddhism was reestablished in India.
The Influence of Indian and Buddhist Elements in Medieval China: A Study of Buddha’s Birthday Celebrations In Luoyang during the Northern Wei dynasty
The Buddha’s birthday festival reached an unprecedented level of grandeur during the rule of Northern Wei when its capital was at Luoyang (495 to 534 CE). Buddhism was indigenous to neither the rulers nor the native Han Chinese. Yet, the Buddha’s birthday celebration on the eighth day of the fourth lunar month became a popular ritual in which the entire city participated. This paper studies a particular phenomenon in this public ritual, the use of carriages in image processions, tracing the heritage of these carriages back to the religion’s land of origin, India, and their literary sources. The intention of this paper is to study the reasons for such phenomenal success, in particular as they relate to the functional role of a religious festival and how the tenets of a religion can enable itself to be popular and sustainable. The Buddha’s birthday is a relevant case study because over 1,500 years later, countries such as Cambodia, Hong Kong, Macau, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Singapore, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam continue to celebrate it as their public holiday.
印度ABC
Ancient Indian Buddhism and Ahimsa
Ancient Indian Buddhist Attitude Towards Women (I)
Ancient Indian Buddhist Attitude Towards Women (II)
從韓弁智造佛像看一佛二菩薩造像流傳背後的佛教「人間性」
自佛教從印度傳來,佛教造像也一傳入中國,以石窟為主要建造場所。隨著佛教在中國的發展,佛教造像的材料和載體也逐漸豐富和發展。韓弁智造佛像上清晰記載建造時間和發願的主人公,是研究唐代佛教造像以及一佛二菩薩造像的有力考證。研究表明,佛教誕生初期的印度已有「人間性」造像。佛教傳入中國後,歷代能工巧匠更是對「人間性」造像進行修改和發展,使其符合中國式審美,表現中國本土文化和信仰。
一切法如幻——寂護和太虛對《楞伽經》宗旨的解釋比對
《楞伽經》為眾經之樞要,佛法之理窟。印度的中觀派、瑜伽行派及中觀瑜伽行派、漢地的禪宗、藏地的寧瑪派等都依據該經奠立自己的教義基礎。在太虛大師的教理體系中,《楞伽經》也占據了核心的地位。因此,這是一部跨越地域文化和宗派分歧的經典,其宗旨值得探討。本文選擇了時間、空間上相隔都頗為遙遠的寂護和太虛的闡釋來對比研究。寂護是印度佛教中觀瑜伽行派和吐蕃前弘期佛教的奠基者,太虛大師是二十世紀以來具有世界影響的「人生佛教」開拓者。對比研究他們對《楞伽經》宗旨的解釋,可以拓展理解《楞伽》經義的空間。
主題演說之一:重新估定佛學的價值
我今年八十七歲,七十五年前在南京棲霞山出家做和尚,六十四年前來到台灣,四十六年前開始建設佛光山。對於傳統的佛教,我常有一些不一樣的想法。比方說,佛法講「四姓出家,同為釋氏」,過去印度的佛教倡導「四姓平等」,這是佛陀的思想,但是後來在各地傳播的佛教,卻全都違反了佛陀平等的胸懷,其中最嚴重的就是男女不平等;到現在,中國大陸的比丘尼、優婆夷在佛門裡仍幾乎沒有什麼地位。不過在我看來,在所有出錢做功德,把寺廟建設起來的人當中,以優婆夷最發心,尤其很多優秀的比丘尼更是為佛門做出種種貢獻。而這許多人事在佛教史上卻很少記載。如今,這一種不平等的觀念還在繼續,仍有人極力以佛教的「八敬法」來維護佛教比丘、男眾的權力與地位。
星雲大師論唯識——兼論一些相關的唯識學理論
筆者在本文中,將星雲大師對唯識學的相關論說,分成:「對印度瑜伽行唯識學派的歷史論述」、「對中國法相唯識宗的歷史論述」、「對唯識學的教理論述」等,來加以闡釋。其中在「對唯識學的教理論述」方面,大師解說的特別突出之處在於:一、關於「阿賴耶識」的比喻與說明,大師曾以「田地、倉庫、大海、命根」這「四種比喻」說明「阿賴耶識」。二、關於「四分」說的解釋,大師還曾以生動的「照相」譬喻,說明複雜的「四分」說(相分、見分、自證分、證自證分)。三、對「三性」與「三無性」的解釋,大師則以「有」和「非有」二個對反觀念,簡潔清楚地解釋「三性」與「三無性」。四、對「轉識成智」的說明,大師亦簡易地解釋了有關唯識學成佛的修練。五、唯識教理與禪話結合的譬喻故事,大師以非常活潑生動的故事,將唯識教理與禪話結合,讓人獲得如醍醐灌頂的日常生活智慧。這是筆者覺得星雲大師論述唯識學之慧黠與有特色之處。 另外,在本文中,筆者亦針對一些星雲大師曾解說過的唯識學相關概念以及理論,如「阿賴耶識」、「四分」說、「三性」與「三無性」、「轉識成智」……等,進行了更深一層的考察、論述與研究,以期使能更清楚地明瞭這些複雜與深奧的唯識教義,並期許與大師的解釋互相發揮與呼應。
