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The Historic Position of Humanistic Buddhism from the Viewpoint of the Process of Sinicization of Buddhism
Buddhism was founded by Śākyamuni Buddha, and is both a religion and a philosophy. As a religion, Buddhism has a unique belief system, organizational structure, and way of embodying belief through practice (including religious services). Compared to other religions, Buddhism has distinctive characteristics. With the exception of Buddhism, religions believe in an almighty god who is the center of their faith and doctrine. This god is the focus of their worship, and the purpose of their faith is salvation from sin. In contrast, Buddhism has an underlying doctrine and practice of “non-self.” This doctrine rejects the existence of any extrinsic god. It also denies the presence of an intrinsic soul. Therefore, the purpose of its belief is not to receive deliverance from sin, but rather to realize liberation from life’s pain and hardship.
The Key to Promoting Localization is not to ‘Discard’ but to ‘Give’–My View on ‘De-sinicization'
In Taiwan, issues of provincial origin and ethnicity are often intentionally used to manipulate elections. During the March 2004 presidential election, ethnic sentiment was once again provoked to the extent that some people chanted slogans of “localization” and “de-sinicization.” This throws us into doubt. In this era of multiculturalism, when countries are making every effort to absorb other cultures, it is indeed perplexing—and even unfathomable—why some Taiwanese people are moving to “discard” a culture via “de-sinicization.”
The Changing Functions of Renjian Fojiao (人間佛教) in Mainland China
Since the revival of Buddhism in the People’s Republic of China following the Cultural Revolution, renjian fojiao (人間佛教), often translated as “Humanistic Buddhism,” has become a very prominent label. It has served as a basic concept for various purposes, from the political self-legitimation of Buddhists, to the revival of traditional(ized) thinking, to religious innovation. It has undergone a continuous process of adaptation to Buddhists’ needs at the moment in question. With its initial role, quite early in the 1980s, emphasized officially by Zhao Puchu 趙朴初 (1907-2000), the president of the Buddhist Association of China (BAC), it became an important element of the statutory purpose of the BAC and developed separately from, but not without the influence of, later dynamics in Taiwan. This article reflects on some of the steps in the 40-year development of what has been declared in the People’s Republic of China as renjian fojiao (“Humanistic Buddhism”). It focuses on its metamorphosis within the context of the BAC’s statutory purpose, asking what the concept has been necessary for and how it might still be relevant today.
二OO一年中國大陸佛教會議綜述
二OO一年中國大陸的佛教研究綜述
人間仏教と中国仏教の未来
仏教が中国に伝えられ、仏典の翻訳・流布が開始されたのは、西暦紀元 2 世紀、後漢の桓帝の時代からである。以来、諸王朝の興亡とそれらの治世のありように関りながら、インド・西域から訳経僧らが断続的に来朝し、また、中国から西域・インドに求法の旅に出た僧たちが訳経僧の役割も担って帰国して仏教を宣布し、仏教は次第に広く、かつ深く中国社会に広まっていった。そして、この過程において、時代の変化に対応しながら、仏教は中国固有の思想・信仰を取り込み、故地のインドの仏教とは異なるすがたを見せるようになった。今日まで続く、この中国的に変貌した仏教―それをわれわれは、総称して、中国仏教（Chinese Buddhism）と呼ぶ。
朱溫的另一面
朱溫是五代十國後梁的開國皇帝，在他手裡，唐朝結束289年的統治，從此中國正式進入五代十國時期。朱溫生性殘暴，殺人如草芥，其夫人張氏在世時尚能勸止，夫人死後，他卻大肆淫亂，甚至亂倫，連兒媳都得入宮侍寢。最終，於乾化二年（912），被他的第三個兒子朱友珪帶頭刺死。
中國佛教第一功臣：玄奘大師
禪月中秋（外一首)
從韓弁智造佛像看一佛二菩薩造像流傳背後的佛教「人間性」
自佛教從印度傳來，佛教造像也一傳入中國，以石窟為主要建造場所。隨著佛教在中國的發展，佛教造像的材料和載體也逐漸豐富和發展。韓弁智造佛像上清晰記載建造時間和發願的主人公，是研究唐代佛教造像以及一佛二菩薩造像的有力考證。研究表明，佛教誕生初期的印度已有「人間性」造像。佛教傳入中國後，歷代能工巧匠更是對「人間性」造像進行修改和發展，使其符合中國式審美，表現中國本土文化和信仰。
