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Chan Buddhism During the Times of Venerable Master Yixuan and Venerable Master Hsing Yun: Applying Chinese Chan Principles to Contemporary Society
Linji Venerable Master Yixuan 臨濟義玄 (d. 866) and Fo Guang Venerable Master Hsing Yun 佛光星雲 (1927–), although separated by more than a millennium, innovatively applied Chan teachings to the societies in which they lived to help their devotees discover their humanity and transcend their existential conditions. Both religious leaders not only survived persecution, but brought their faiths to greater heights. This paper studies how these masters adapted Chan Buddhist teachings to the woes and conditions of their times. In particular, I shall review how Venerable Master Yixuan and Venerable Master Hsing Yun adapted the teachings of their predecessors, added value to the sociopolitical milieu of their times, and used familiar language to reconcile reality and their beliefs.
臨濟義玄與星雲大師之中國禪宗理念在其當代社會的應用
臨濟義玄(?-866)與佛光山星雲大師(1927-)的年代雖然相隔逾千年,但他們在社會裡,同樣創新地應用禪宗教義幫助發掘人的良善本性,並為當前的生存境況創造超越的價值。二位宗教領袖不僅在迫害中倖存,也將自己的信仰推向了更高的境界。本文研究二位大師將禪宗教義落實在他們所處時代的困境和因緣條件的歷程,尤其著重在回顧義玄、星雲大師如何運用前輩的教誨,改善當時的社會政治環境,並以大家聽得懂的語言,融合現實生活與信仰。