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Remarks on Current Research on Taixu and the Pure Land in the Human Realm
One could translate the Chinese term commonly rendered “Humanistic Buddhism” more literally as “Buddhism in the Human Realm” (renjian fojiao 人間佛教). The term “human realm” (renjian 人間) has both an everyday meaning in modern Chinese and a more expansive technical Buddhist meaning. In everyday parlance, it means “the human world,” “humanity,” or “social relations,” and within a modern scientific world view, humanity exists in only one place—the planet Earth. Hence, English-language texts sometimes render the term “Humanistic Buddhism” as “Earthly Buddhism.” In traditional Chinese Buddhist texts, however, the term has a more specialized, technical meaning arising from premodern Buddhist cosmology. In this context, it indicates one in a list of five or six possible paths of rebirth. To be reborn in the human realm means that one’s past karma has led to rebirth as a human being, and in Buddhist cosmology, the Earth is not the only place where humans reside. The fact that the term renjian has different definitions in these two contexts has led to some confusion when scholars confront the terms “Humanistic Buddhism” and “The Pure Land in the Human Realm” (renjian jingtu 人間淨土). Variations in the way Buddhists and scholars understand the meaning and purpose of Humanistic Buddhism only compound the confusion.
維摩菩薩不二法，星雲大師平等觀
平等是佛法的根本義理之一，是佛陀開示的宇宙人生真理法則，是《維摩經》不二法門的智慧精髓，也是星雲大師人間佛教的核心，根本義理。只有落實星雲大師宣導的人間佛教平等觀，做到人人平等、生權平等、處處平等、時時平等、事事平等、物物平等、法法平等，才能實現世界和平，才能建成幸福美滿的人間淨土！
回到「生活世界」的人間佛教——以星雲大師「行佛」思想為中心
如何在現實的生活世界中建設「人間淨土」，重構人間佛教的「生活世界」，是星雲大師「人間佛教」思想的一個重要特點。星雲大師提出「行佛」的思想，旨在提升佛教徒的信仰層次，實現「信仰生活化」、「生活佛法化」。行佛的目標是成佛，所謂佛即覺者，有自覺、覺他、覺行圓滿三層義蘊。星雲大師「行佛」思想強調主體心性的高度自覺，行佛就是「心行」；認為行佛就是悲智雙運的菩薩道，宣導在日常生活中奉行「三好」、「四給」、「五和」。行佛所行，就是要在日常生活中踐行佛法的中道生活，回歸人間佛陀的生活世界。作為人間佛教思想實踐論的核心內容，「行佛」要求在日常生活中踐行佛法，體現了「佛教信仰的真義」，是「人間佛教的神聖真理」。
