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Chan Buddhism During the Times of Venerable Master Yixuan and Venerable Master Hsing Yun: Applying Chinese Chan Principles to Contemporary Society
Linji Venerable Master Yixuan 臨濟義玄 (d. 866) and Fo Guang Venerable Master Hsing Yun 佛光星雲 (1927–), although separated by more than a millennium, innovatively applied Chan teachings to the societies in which they lived to help their devotees discover their humanity and transcend their existential conditions. Both religious leaders not only survived persecution, but brought their faiths to greater heights. This paper studies how these masters adapted Chan Buddhist teachings to the woes and conditions of their times. In particular, I shall review how Venerable Master Yixuan and Venerable Master Hsing Yun adapted the teachings of their predecessors, added value to the sociopolitical milieu of their times, and used familiar language to reconcile reality and their beliefs.
The Historic Position of Humanistic Buddhism from the Viewpoint of the Process of Sinicization of Buddhism
Buddhism was founded by Śākyamuni Buddha, and is both a religion and a philosophy. As a religion, Buddhism has a unique belief system, organizational structure, and way of embodying belief through practice (including religious services). Compared to other religions, Buddhism has distinctive characteristics. With the exception of Buddhism, religions believe in an almighty god who is the center of their faith and doctrine. This god is the focus of their worship, and the purpose of their faith is salvation from sin. In contrast, Buddhism has an underlying doctrine and practice of “non-self.” This doctrine rejects the existence of any extrinsic god. It also denies the presence of an intrinsic soul. Therefore, the purpose of its belief is not to receive deliverance from sin, but rather to realize liberation from life’s pain and hardship.
The Key to Promoting Localization is not to ‘Discard’ but to ‘Give’–My View on ‘De-sinicization'
In Taiwan, issues of provincial origin and ethnicity are often intentionally used to manipulate elections. During the March 2004 presidential election, ethnic sentiment was once again provoked to the extent that some people chanted slogans of “localization” and “de-sinicization.” This throws us into doubt. In this era of multiculturalism, when countries are making every effort to absorb other cultures, it is indeed perplexing—and even unfathomable—why some Taiwanese people are moving to “discard” a culture via “de-sinicization.”
The Changing Functions of Renjian Fojiao (人間佛教) in Mainland China
Since the revival of Buddhism in the People’s Republic of China following the Cultural Revolution, renjian fojiao (人間佛教), often translated as “Humanistic Buddhism,” has become a very prominent label. It has served as a basic concept for various purposes, from the political self-legitimation of Buddhists, to the revival of traditional(ized) thinking, to religious innovation. It has undergone a continuous process of adaptation to Buddhists’ needs at the moment in question. With its initial role, quite early in the 1980s, emphasized officially by Zhao Puchu 趙朴初 (1907-2000), the president of the Buddhist Association of China (BAC), it became an important element of the statutory purpose of the BAC and developed separately from, but not without the influence of, later dynamics in Taiwan. This article reflects on some of the steps in the 40-year development of what has been declared in the People’s Republic of China as renjian fojiao (“Humanistic Buddhism”). It focuses on its metamorphosis within the context of the BAC’s statutory purpose, asking what the concept has been necessary for and how it might still be relevant today.
二OO一年中國大陸佛教會議綜述
二OO一年中國大陸的佛教研究綜述
人間仏教と中国仏教の未来
仏教が中国に伝えられ、仏典の翻訳・流布が開始されたのは、西暦紀元 2 世紀、後漢の桓帝の時代からである。以来、諸王朝の興亡とそれらの治世のありように関りながら、インド・西域から訳経僧らが断続的に来朝し、また、中国から西域・インドに求法の旅に出た僧たちが訳経僧の役割も担って帰国して仏教を宣布し、仏教は次第に広く、かつ深く中国社会に広まっていった。そして、この過程において、時代の変化に対応しながら、仏教は中国固有の思想・信仰を取り込み、故地のインドの仏教とは異なるすがたを見せるようになった。今日まで続く、この中国的に変貌した仏教―それをわれわれは、総称して、中国仏教（Chinese Buddhism）と呼ぶ。
朱溫的另一面
朱溫是五代十國後梁的開國皇帝，在他手裡，唐朝結束289年的統治，從此中國正式進入五代十國時期。朱溫生性殘暴，殺人如草芥，其夫人張氏在世時尚能勸止，夫人死後，他卻大肆淫亂，甚至亂倫，連兒媳都得入宮侍寢。最終，於乾化二年（912），被他的第三個兒子朱友珪帶頭刺死。
中國佛教第一功臣：玄奘大師
禪月中秋（外一首)
