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論《佛教叢書9‧藝文》的選文標準及思想內涵
《佛教叢書》由星雲大師編纂，希望人們能通過這套代表性叢書完整了解佛教的思想體系，其中《藝文》是佛教文學選本。與歷代的佛教文學選本相比較，《藝文》有鮮明的特點，星雲大師的選文標準體現了他的佛學思想和文學觀念。本文擬從三個方面進行分析：一、《藝文》的文獻來源，其中的作品大部分出自僧侶之手，還有不少非僧人作者，但作品被收入佛教典籍；另外有一部分作者既非僧人，作品也未被收入佛教典籍。二、《藝文》的選文標準整體而言體現了佛法世法的圓融，大部分作品展現佛理；少部分關乎世俗倫理；藝術價值、能否流傳也是他的選文標準。三、《藝文》作品體現的人間佛教思想，通過具體文本，分析其中涉及的苦、忍辱、孝等人間佛教思想。
A Modern Interpretation of Venerable Master Hsing Yun’s Belief that ‘Life Does Not Die'
In his first preface to Humanistic Buddhism: Holding True to the Original Intent of Buddha, Venerable Master Hsing Yun adopted simple and easily understood words to summarize the articles of faith and essence of Humanistic Buddhism. In the second preface titled “My Understanding of Humanistic Buddhism,” Venerable Master Hsing Yun identified the general misconceptions and doubts many people have about Humanistic Buddhism.
A Discussion on "Faith" in Humanistic Buddhism as Exemplified by Venerable Master Hsing Yun's "Positive Forecasts for Life"
《人生卜事》是星雲大師依生命經驗口述的108則法語，希望佛法能在人有困境時，乃至日常生活中，做心靈上的指南。《人生卜事》的設計與用法看起來像算命，違背表面上的佛教教義：但是所謂的「卜事」不是占卜，而是透過對因果的釐清、身口意的淨化來改變人的命運。此設計受大眾的喜愛，展現星雲大師人間佛教的信仰觀。星雲大師針對當代迷信的引導，對比佛陀時代吠陀的祭祀儀式之教義，有多方面的相似之處，能看出星雲大師弘法的善巧方便。另外，本文旨在探討《人生卜事》如何引導人的正確信仰：從充滿迷信、恐懼，及個人慾望的信仰，到慈悲、智慧、利益眾生的菩薩道。
Venerable Master Hsing Yun's Methodology for the Practice of Humanistic Buddhism: a Case Study of Chan at Hsi Lai Temple
本文以星雲大師「人間佛教」的實踐為研究對象。本研究將從幾個面向展開：禪的定義、禪在西來寺的實踐、以及對其進行評估，並作為現代社會的一個基本準則。
On Modernity and Tradition in Humanistic Buddhism: From Master Taixu to Venerable Master Hsing Yun
Humanistic Buddhism was initially proposed by Master Taixu in early modern times, then refined in theory and verified in practice by a number of eminent monks. It now is a major ideological trend and practical model for Chinese Buddhism in Mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macao. Fo Guang Shan in Taiwan, under the leadership of Venerable Master Hsing Yun, has brought the model of Humanistic Buddhism development worldwide. This has become an important channel for Chinese culture to the world. How is it that Humanistic Buddhism has become a major Buddhist ideological trend on the Chinese mainland? How has it become the way for Buddhism to modernize and to survive? Humanistic Buddhism not only responds to the practical needs of this era, but it is rooted in long-standing Buddhist spiritual traditions and the Buddha’s original intents.
The Modernization and Globalization of Humanistic Buddhism and Chinese Buddhism
The most prominent element in the success of Humanistic Buddhism is the modernization and internationalization of Chinese Buddhism. Under the premise of returning to the original intents of the Buddha, advocates and practitioners of Humanistic Buddhism look forward to spreading the Dharma in ways that are readily embraced by people of current times. For example, in the 1950s and 1960s, Fo Guang Shan’s Venerable Master Hsing Yun was already advocating for reform in Buddhism: its ranks, its organizations, its administrative systems, its precepts, its means of propagating the Dharma, its education, its culture, and its internationalization.
Humanistic Buddhism and the Modernization of Buddhism
In recent decades, rapid economic, scientific, and technological development has modernized human society in leaps and bounds. Hence, societies and cultures face the dual issues of how best to treat one’s tradition and how to adapt to the reality of a changing society. If a given tradition is the modernized “medium” (i.e. carrier of specific ideas) of its ideology, then the social conditions under which it operates form the “foundation” (i.e. the direction and strategy) for its modernization.
The Process of Modernizing Buddhism: Two Thousand Years of Rise and Fall in Human History
When Buddhism was transmitted into China over two thousand years ago, during the time of the Han Dynasty, Daoist ritual techniques and arts for achieving immortality were prevalent. As Chinese Republican-period scholar Tang Yongtong pointed out: During the Han period, other than the major rituals of worshipping heaven, earth, mountains, and rivers, there were many other types of sacrificial worship. Prior to the Qin Dynasty, there was already the belief that one must perform specific Daoist ritual techniques and arts in order evoke higher spiritual powers.
Humanistic Buddhism and It’s Humanization, Modernization, and Incorporation into Daily Life
Since the twentieth century, Chinese Buddhism has entered a golden age of development and an opportune time for the development of Humanistic Buddhism. As a stronghold of today’s Humanistic Buddhism, Fo Guang Shan has made great contributions to its development and shoulders the responsibility of creating a new era of Humanistic Buddhism. Since we have the good fortune of being able to participate in Fo Guang Shan’s development of Humanistic Buddhism, we naturally also bear its mission. This is a great opportunity that should be cherished. Venerable Master’s philosophy of Humanistic Buddhism is deep and wide like the ocean, and his undertakings have been brilliant.
